A Brief History of Oil and Petroleum

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Published Sep 28, 2024

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The history of oil traces back to Mesopotamia, the cradle of civilizations between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers. The Epic of Gilgamesh, written around 2000 BC on clay tablets, includes a flood story akin to those in the Bible, Quran, and Hindu texts, showcasing ancient awareness of petroleum through the use of bitumen for waterproofing. Historically, asphalt was utilized in ancient Egypt for mummies and pyramids, while the Chinese and Romans used crude oil for chariot wheels. The 11th century saw Baghdad roads made with asphalt, and post-Industrial Revolution, inventions like the gasoline engine and ignition engine increased oil's importance. Oil played a critical role in both World Wars, influencing military strategies. Key conflicts like the 1953 coup in Iran, the 1956 Suez Canal Crisis, and the 1973 OPEC Oil embargo further emphasized oil's significance.

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